Personality disorders are pervasive, life-long patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about others that cause significant functional impairment and/or subjective distress.
Personality disorders can coexist with and complicate the diagnosis and management of other psychiatric disorders.
The development of personality disorders has been linked to deficits in the childhood environment. Constitutional factors may also play a role.
Because of the rigid way in which people with personality disorders cope with living, they are very vulnerable to breaking down under stress. To adapt to the losses, role changes, and dependency that come with aging is particularly difficult for this population.
The demands of institutional living cause ingrained behavior patterns to surface and because these residents are unaware of their contribution to their problems, they will blame caregivers for all that goes wrong.
If the powerful impact of these behavior patterns on staff is not understood, it can interfere with clinical judgment, team functioning and the resident's care.
Setting realistic treatment goals involves accepting the resident's limitations and working within these limitations to promote the optimal coexistence of the resident with others in the institution. Improving communication at various levels applying behavior management strategies and occasionally using psychoactive medications and/or formal psychotherapy are important aspects of a comprehensive approach to management.
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